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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) 312-50v13 Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q148-Q153):

148. Frage
In your cybersecurity class, you are learning about common security risks associated with web servers. One topic that comes up is the risk posed by using default server settings. Why is using default settings ona web - server considered a security risk, and what would be the best initial step to mitigate this risk?

A. Default settings allow unlimited login attempts; setup account lockout
B. Default settings enable auto-updates; disable and manually patch
C. Default settings cause server malfunctions; simplify the settings
D. Default settings reveal server software type; change these settings

Antwort: D

Begründung:
Using default settings on a web server is considered a security risk because it can reveal the server software type and version, which can help attackers identify potential vulnerabilities and launch targeted attacks. For example, if the default settings include a server signature that displays the name and version of the web server software, such as Apache 2.4.46, an attacker can search for known exploits or bugs that affect that specific software and version. Additionally, default settings may also include other insecure configurations, such as weak passwords, unnecessary services, or open ports, that can expose the web server to unauthorized access or compromise.
The best initial step to mitigate this risk is to change the default settings to hide or obscure the server software type and version, as well as to disable or remove any unnecessary or insecure features. For example, to hide the server signature, one can modify the ServerTokens and ServerSignature directives in the Apache configuration file1. Alternatively, one can use a web application firewall or a reverse proxy to mask the server information from the client requests2. Changing the default settings can reduce the attack surface and make it harder for attackers to exploit the web server.
References:
* How to Hide Apache Version Number and Other Sensitive Info
* How to hide server information from HTTP headers? - Stack Overflow

149. Frage
An IT company has just implemented new security controls to their network and system setup. As a Certified Ethical Hacker, your responsibility is to assess the possible vulnerabilities in the new setup. You are given the information that the network and system are adequately patched with the latest updates, and all employees have gone through recent cybersecurity awareness training. Considering the potential vulnerability sources, what is the best initial approach to vulnerability assessment?

A. Evaluating the network for inherent technology weaknesses prone to specific types of attacks
B. Investigating if any ex-employees still have access to the company's system and data
C. Checking for hardware and software misconfigurations to identify any possible loopholes
D. Conducting social engineering tests to check if employees can be tricked into revealing sensitive information

Antwort: C

Begründung:
A vulnerability assessment is a systematic review of security weaknesses in an information system. It evaluates if the system is susceptible to any known vulnerabilities, assigns severity levels to those vulnerabilities, and recommends remediation or mitigation, if and whenever needed1. A vulnerability assessment can be performed using various tools and techniques, depending on the scope and objectives of the assessment.
Considering the potential vulnerability sources, the best initial approach to vulnerability assessment is to check for hardware and software misconfigurations to identify any possible loopholes. Hardware and software misconfigurations are common sources of vulnerabilities that can expose the system to unauthorized access, data breaches, or service disruptions. Hardware and software misconfigurations can include:
* Insecure default settings, such as weak passwords, open ports, unnecessary services, or verbose error messages.
* Improper access control policies, such as granting excessive privileges, allowing anonymous access, or failing to revoke access for terminated users.
* Lack of encryption or authentication mechanisms, such as using plain text protocols, storing sensitive data in clear text, or transmitting data without verifying the identity of the sender or receiver.
* Outdated or incompatible software versions, such as using unsupported or deprecated software, failing to apply security patches, or having software conflicts or dependencies.
Checking for hardware and software misconfigurations can help identify any possible loopholes that could be exploited by attackers to compromise the system or the data. Checking for hardware and software misconfigurations can be done using various tools, such as:
* Configuration management tools, such as Ansible, Puppet, or Chef, that can automate the deployment and maintenance of consistent and secure configurations across the system.
* Configuration auditing tools, such as Nipper, Lynis, or OpenSCAP, that can scan the system for deviations from the desired or expected configurations and report any issues or vulnerabilities.
* Configuration testing tools, such as Inspec, Serverspec, or Testinfra, that can verify the system's compliance with the specified configuration rules and standards.
Therefore, checking for hardware and software misconfigurations is the best initial approach to vulnerability assessment, as it can help identify and eliminate any possible loopholes that could pose a security risk to the system or the data.
References:
* Vulnerability Assessment Principles | Tenable
* Configuration Management Tools: A Complete Guide - Guru99
* Top 10 Configuration Auditing Tools - Infosec Resources
* [Configuration Testing Tools: A Complete Guide - Guru99]

150. Frage
Hackers often raise the trust level of a phishing message by modeling the email to look similar to the internal email used by the target company. This includes using logos, formatting, and names of the target company.
The phishing message will often use the name of the company CEO, President, or Managers. The time a hacker spends performing research to locate this information about a company is known as?

A. Enumeration
B. Reconnaissance
C. Exploration
D. Investigation

Antwort: B

Begründung:
Cyber Kill Chain Methodology 1. Reconnaissance - Gathering information about the target.

151. Frage
Tony is a penetration tester tasked with performing a penetration test. After gaining initial access to a target system, he finds a list of hashed passwords.
Which of the following tools would not be useful for cracking the hashed passwords?

A. netcat
B. Hashcat
C. THC-Hydra
D. John the Ripper

Antwort: A

152. Frage
You are a cybersecurity consultant for a healthcare organization that utilizes Internet of Medical Things (loMT) devices, such as connected insulin pumps and heart rate monitors, to provide improved patientcare.
Recently, the organization has been targeted by ransomware attacks. While the IT infrastructure was unaffected due to robust security measures, they are worried that the loMT devices could be potential entry points for future attacks. What would be your main recommendation to protect these devices from such threats?

A. Use network segmentation to isolate loMT devices from the main network.
B. Implement multi-factor authentication for all loMT devices.
C. Disable all wireless connectivity on loMT devices.
D. Regularly change the IP addresses of all loMT devices.

Antwort: A

Begründung:
Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices are internet-connected medical devices that can collect, transfer, and analyze data over a network. They can provide improved patient care and comfort, but they also pose security challenges and risks, as they can be targeted by cyberattacks, such as ransomware, that can compromise their functionality, integrity, or confidentiality. Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts the victim's data or system and demands a ransom for its decryption or restoration. Ransomware attacks can cause serious harm to healthcare organizations, as they can disrupt their operations, endanger their patients, and damage their reputation.
To protect IoMT devices from ransomware attacks, the main recommendation is to use network segmentation to isolate IoMT devices from the main network. Network segmentation is a technique that divides a network into smaller subnetworks, each with its own security policies and controls. Network segmentation can prevent or limit the spread of ransomware from one subnetwork to another, as it restricts the communication and access between them. Network segmentation can also improve the performance, visibility, and manageability of the network, as it reduces the network congestion, complexity, and noise.
The other options are not as effective or feasible as network segmentation. Implementing multi-factor authentication for all IoMT devices may not be possible or practical, as some IoMT devices may not support or require user authentication, such as sensors or monitors. Disabling all wireless connectivity on IoMT devices may not be desirable or realistic, as some IoMT devices rely on wireless communication protocols, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or Zigbee, to function or transmit data. Regularly changing the IP addresses of all IoMT devices may not prevent or deter ransomware attacks, as ransomware can target devices based on other factors, such as their domain names, MAC addresses, or vulnerabilities. References:
* What Is Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Security?
* 5 Steps to Secure Internet of Medical Things Devices
* Ransomware in Healthcare: How to Protect Your Organization
* [Network Segmentation: Definition, Benefits, and Best Practices]

153. Frage
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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) 312-50v13 Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q148-Q153):

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